SMART SEWERS · PART 3 OF 6 Asset Management · 26 May 2026 · Pasi Pajula Part 2 ended with the Pareto frontier as the structural answer to multi-objective optimisation. Part 3 takes the next step: the frontier itself is uncertain. Every input that feeds the cost function is a distribution, not a number — and that has direct consequences for how an "optimal plan" should be presented to a utility board. Inputs are distributions, not numbers Pipe remaining useful life is

SMART SEWERS· PART 2 OF 6 Asset Management · 19 May 2026 · Pasi Pajula Part 1 established that the decision space for a sewer rehabilitation programme is unenumerable. The follow-up question is sharper: what are we optimising for? Any optimisation result is only as good as the objective function — and "minimise lifecycle cost" sounds straightforward until you write out what cost actually contains. Five components of cost A defensible cost function for a sewer network

SMART SEWERS · PART 1 OF 6 Asset Management · 12 May 2026 · Pasi Pajula Consider the wastewater network of a mid-sized Finnish city: roughly 30,000 pipe segments, a comparable number of manholes, and a 20-year planning horizon. The task sounds routine — decide what to rehabilitate, when, and by which method. In practice, it is one of the hardest combinatorial optimisation problems in municipal infrastructure asset management. The size of the decision space For each pi

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